What is a base station?
Base Station
Generally refers to "public mobile communication base stations"
Everyone knows
A base station provides signals to mobile phones
As the largest number of mobile communication devices
Base stations can be seen almost everywhere
It is also divided into many types
The ones above are just iron towers and antennas
This is just a part of the base station
A base station is not only visible but also
It also includes many invisible things
generally speaking
The base station consists of the following components
Visible
Antenna feeder system
The antenna feeder includes both antennas and feeders
The commonly mentioned "antenna" is just a part of it
The base station antenna may not be the same as you imagine
The most commonly used antenna now is like this
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This is called a planar antenna
Easy to install
Also saves money and space
A 'board' is a sector
It belongs to directional antenna
Usually installed at high places, with the board facing towards the covering direction
It will tilt downwards at a certain angle
This is a standard three sector base station
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Mobile communication base stations are mainly plate-shaped directional antennas
There are also omnidirectional antennas available
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Pay attention to the antenna in the red box in the following picture
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We often see it on the iron tower
But it's not the antenna of the base station
It is a microwave antenna
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This type of antenna is called a parabolic antenna
Also known as a dish antenna
What scenarios are microwave antennas used for?
For example, this base station is quite remote
It will send signals to telecommunications equipment elsewhere through microwave means
Emergency communication vehicles usually have microwaves as well
Because it doesn't have a fixed line
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Except for microwave antennas
There are many antennas with other uses as well
Yagi antenna
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Whip antenna
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feeder
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The connection between the antenna and RRU is the feeder line
Usually black, thicker
And there are quite a few roots
The joint is also very large
What is RRU?
RRU stands for Radio Remote Unit
Chinese name "RF Remote Unit"
Mainly responsible for RF signal modulation and demodulation, RF analog signal power amplification, and transmission to the antenna feeder
RRU is mainly installed on poles or walls
Installation of holding pole
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Wall mounted installation
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Additionally, the antenna is installed on the iron tower
And the iron tower is also divided into many types
Invisible BBU
Building Baseband Unit， Baseband processing unit
Mainly responsible for channel encoding and decoding, modulation and demodulation of baseband signals, protocol processing, and other functions
Usually, BBUs are placed indoors
(That is, in the computer room)
The previous base stations were built brick by brick
It's quite troublesome
Now it's an integrated station building
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What is it like in the computer room?
It's probably like this
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BBU is stuffed in the cabinet of the computer room
There may still be cabinet power equipment and transmission equipment inside the cabinet
There are many red, black, and blue power cords, as well as many toggle switches
Usually power supply equipment
There are many fiber optic ports and network ports
I inserted a lot of yellow fiber optic cables and the like
Generally, it is a transmission device
Development from 1G to 5G
The technological development of base station antennas is indispensable
